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Japan

Justice Ministry to consider public recruitment of volunteer probation officers

todayOctober 16, 2024

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Japan is grappling with a significant shortage of private-sector volunteer probation officers, known as hogoshi, who work with the government to assist in the rehabilitation of offenders.

The shortage has been exacerbated by the aging of current officers, creating an urgent need to recruit new personnel.

In late September, a panel of experts appointed by the Justice Ministry to review the probation officer system released a final report outlining several proposed changes. Among the key recommendations were a trial public recruitment system and removal of the upper age limit for volunteer officers.

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  1. check out this blog post from Valley MD on August 19, 2025

    Nausea and flu-like signs are potential side effects that may occur with CJC-1295 supplementation. To handle nervousness, people might think
    about consulting a mental health skilled or psychiatrist.

    An enhance in body temperature is another potential facet
    effect that some individuals may encounter with CJC-1295 supplementation. The CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin stack presents a more significant increase in muscle progress
    and energy. Opposed effects after Sermorelin administration may embody local injection response, nausea, and facial flushing.
    Sermorelin acetate benefits are also barely less selective in course of HGH stimulation and may
    lead to minor will increase in luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH).

    This makes it interesting to both men and women who’re
    sensitive to hormonal fluctuations. While CJC 1295 Ipamorelin offers impressive advantages, understanding its potential unwanted aspect effects and necessary precautions is essential for
    safe and effective use. The best administration window is within the night, roughly 1-1.5 hours
    after your final meal. CJC 1295 Ipamorelin helps optimize your sleep patterns by regulating your body’s natural circadian rhythm.
    Customers usually experience deeper, more restorative sleep, which is crucial for recovery and hormone production. This combination accelerates lipolysis – the breakdown of fats cells – whereas maintaining valuable muscle tissue.

    For these in search of a safe, effective,
    and versatile peptide, Ipamorelin delivers on a quantity of fronts.
    The peptide Ipamorelin exhibits up as a prime choose
    for people who need quick and direct outcomes to lift progress hormone ranges.

    A lot of athletes favor this option when they need
    fast muscle achieve, better fats discount as well as improved sports
    results. Since Ipamorelin really targets growth hormone launch in a selected way,
    it gives very noticeable modifications pretty fast –
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    For every day doses exceeding 200mcg, it’s often preferable
    to divide the total dosage into two or three separate
    injections all through the day. Promotes progress, regrowth,
    or repair of the cartilage, joints, and skin by increased collagen synthesis.
    In summary, both sermorelin and ipamorelin show clear potential for the treatment of
    hypogonadism in men and the shortage of accessible knowledge opens alternatives for future investigation.
    Females showed a higher incidence of irAEs than males,
    primarily as a outcome of the next incidence of grade 1
    irAEs. This study revealed no developments indicative of gender disparities of
    irAEs across completely different organ methods.
    In nearly half of the patients, IrAEs weren’t documented within the appropriate
    section of the EHR.
    Research indicates that individuals undergoing Sermorelin remedy observe enhancements in lean physique mass
    and power. In pursuing well-being, the synergy between Ipamorelin and CJC-1295
    is a possible enhancement software. This mixture isn’t just
    a mere complement; it’s a double-shot of vitality,
    enhancing development hormone launch and benefits spanning
    muscle growth, power levels, sleep, and anti-aging prowess.
    Understanding the history, makes use of, benefits, possible unwanted aspect
    effects, and efficacy of this dynamic duo is essential
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    Most customers start to notice delicate enhancements within 2 to four weeks, similar
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    results like enhanced muscle tone, fats loss, and improved restoration typically take 8
    to 12 weeks or longer, relying on particular person components like dosage, lifestyle,
    and overall well being. Scientific research have indicated that CJC 1295 has exhibited notable success rates in elevating growth hormone ranges, leading to accelerated muscle restoration and enhanced athletic performance.

    By adhering to the methods outlined above, users can navigate their cycles with confidence, attaining their fitness and health goals while sustaining security and efficacy.
    Remember, the aim is not only to attain peak physical efficiency however to do so in a way that prioritizes long-term well
    being and well-being. However what exactly are these
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    In the search for peak physical performance and accelerated restoration, the fitness world
    continually seeks the following breakthrough. Let’s embark on check out this blog post from Valley MD journey together, armed with data
    and a eager eye for element, to ensure that your path to enhanced performance is as secure as it is profitable.

    Selecting the appropriate peptide, whether or not Ipamorelin or Sermorelin, requires cautious consideration, consultation with a healthcare provider, and an intensive decision-making process
    based on particular person wants. The duration of HGH results induced by Ipamorelin and Sermorelin varies,
    with Ipamorelin showing extended benefits on collagen production and tissue restore.
    By concentrating on different receptors, Ipamorelin and Sermorelin provide complementary pathways to
    boost HGH production naturally without causing significant
    side effects. Ipamorelin and Sermorelin are commonly utilized in anti-aging therapies
    and efficiency enhancement because of their optimistic impression on overall well being and well-being.
    When dividing the mechanical knowledge by collagen content
    material per surface area of the pores and skin, the maximum stress and relative failure
    energy reached the highest value at a dose of 1.10 mg.kg-1.day-1.

    There were, however, vital increases in circulating
    progress hormone (GH) and insulin-like progress issue (IGF)-1 concentrations.

  31. recommended on October 6, 2025

    Anavar, chemically known as oxandrolone, is one of the most popular anabolic steroids
    among athletes and bodybuilders due to its reputation for
    providing lean muscle gains while minimizing water retention. Because it is a mild steroid compared with others like testosterone or nandrolone, users often look
    to Anavar for a “clean” cycle that enhances strength, definition, and endurance without dramatic bulking.

    However, even though Anavar is considered relatively safe when used responsibly, it still carries
    significant risks. Understanding the dosage guidelines, how it affects both male and female bodies, and the specific androgenic side effects is essential for anyone
    contemplating its use.

    Dosage Overview

    For men, typical doses range from 20 to 40 mg per day.
    A common approach is a 10‑day “stack” of 20 mg daily followed by a taper,
    or a steady 30 mg daily cycle lasting 6–8 weeks.

    Women generally start lower, around 5 to 10 mg per day, because their hormone systems are more sensitive; higher doses can cause masculinization quickly.
    The duration of an Anavar cycle should not exceed eight weeks to reduce the risk of liver toxicity and other complications.
    A post-cycle therapy (PCT) is rarely required for short cycles but may be necessary if a user
    has taken high doses or used additional compounds.

    Anavar Side Effects In Bodybuilding (Male & Female)

    Muscle Loss or Plateau
    Despite its reputation, Anavar does not guarantee continuous muscle growth.
    Users often experience a plateau after the first few weeks when the body adapts to the exogenous hormone.
    If the dose is too low, the anabolic stimulus may be insufficient; if it’s
    too high, the liver may become stressed, limiting further gains.

    Water Retention
    Unlike many steroids that cause significant water
    retention, Anavar’s impact on fluid balance is modest. Some
    users report mild bloating or a “puffy” appearance early in a cycle,
    but this usually resolves quickly once the dose stabilizes.

    Fatigue and Energy Levels
    During the initial days of an Anavar cycle, individuals
    may feel lethargic or notice a dip in workout performance.

    This can be attributed to the body’s hormonal adjustments.

    Over time, most users report increased stamina and a clearer mental focus, especially when paired with adequate nutrition and sleep.

    Digestive Upset
    A minority of users experience nausea, stomach cramps, or mild constipation, particularly if they take Anavar on an empty stomach or exceed recommended doses.
    Taking the pill with food can mitigate these symptoms.

    Mood Swings and Irritability
    Anabolic steroids can alter neurotransmitter activity in the brain. While Anavar is considered less potent than testosterone derivatives,
    some users still report mood swings, irritability, or a heightened sense of competitiveness
    during workouts.

    Skin Issues
    Acne outbreaks are common among both male and female bodybuilders on Anavar, especially when combined with other compounds that increase androgen levels.

    Skin care routines and over-the-counter treatments can help manage this side effect.

    Anavar Side Effects on Males

    Liver Toxicity
    Oxandrolone is metabolized by the liver via 5α-reduction. Although it is less hepatotoxic than older oral steroids, prolonged use or high doses can strain liver enzymes.
    Men should monitor liver function tests (ALT, AST) every four
    weeks if they cycle beyond six weeks.

    Testosterone Suppression
    Even though Anavar is a mild anabolic agent, it
    still exerts negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal
    axis. This leads to decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
    ultimately reducing endogenous testosterone production. A well-timed PCT
    using selective estrogen receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors can aid recovery.

    Androgenic Side Effects
    Males may experience increased facial hair growth, deepening of the voice, and acne as a result of the androgenic activity of oxandrolone.

    While these effects are less pronounced than with more potent steroids, they remain significant for those sensitive
    to hormonal changes.

    Cardiovascular Impact
    Anavar can alter lipid profiles by lowering HDL cholesterol while modestly raising
    LDL levels. Men on long-term or high-dose cycles may
    see an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Regular monitoring of
    blood lipids and maintaining a heart‑healthy diet are recommended.

    Gynecomastia Risk
    Although Anavar has low aromatase activity, any steroid can potentially convert to estrogen under certain conditions.
    Rarely, men might develop breast tissue enlargement
    (gynecomastia) if the hormone balance tips toward estrogen dominance.

    Androgenic Side Effects

    Hair Loss
    The conversion of oxandrolone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulates hair follicle miniaturization in genetically predisposed
    individuals. Men with a family history of male pattern baldness may notice accelerated hair
    thinning or recession during an Anavar cycle.

    Voice Deepening and Skin Changes
    Androgenic stimulation can cause changes such as increased oil production, leading to acne,
    as well as thickening of the skin. These effects are usually reversible after discontinuation but may persist if the cycle is prolonged or combined with other androgenic steroids.

    Sexual Dysfunction
    Some users report decreased libido, erectile dysfunction,
    or reduced sperm count during and after an Anavar cycle.

    This is linked to suppressed endogenous testosterone production; recovery
    often requires a PCT protocol and time for natural hormone levels to rebound.

    Erectile Issues in Women
    While women are less likely to experience androgenic side effects,
    higher doses can lead to clitoral enlargement, voice changes, or loss
    of libido. These masculinizing symptoms may be irreversible if the cycle is extended or
    combined with other anabolic agents.

    In summary, Anavar offers a favorable profile for lean muscle gains and reduced water
    retention but is not free from risks. Proper dosage management,
    cycle length control, and monitoring of liver function,
    lipid levels, and hormonal balance are essential to mitigate side
    effects. Users should weigh the potential benefits against these risks and consider
    consulting a healthcare professional before starting any anabolic steroid regimen.

  34. Red flags for counterfeit steroids on November 1, 2025

    At week 10, SERM dose ought to be lowered to 50% of starting dosage and
    continued till the goal testosterone stage is achieved.
    Steroid use may usually involve polypharmacy – the place an individual
    mixes multiple substances to reinforce outcomes, manage unwanted side effects, or
    achieve specific aesthetic or performance goals. Steroid use does
    not normally lead to acute toxicity or overdose (when instant harmful results occur shortly after
    taking an extreme amount of of a drug). Steroids are usually taken both by injecting them
    into the muscle tissue, or by swallowing them in capsule type.
    Hi-ground provides a complete listing of commonly used AAS injectables and orals in Australia.

    This plant is believed to have adaptogenic properties
    similar to those of ginseng and has been used in folk drugs to alleviate stress, but the mechanism is
    unknown. The root incorporates eleutheroside E,
    a phenylpropane glycoside, and a number of other saponin-like structures primarily based on sitosterol (eleutheroside A) and oleanolic acid (ciwujianoside E and eleutheroside M;
    61–63, Figure 11).
    In addition, AAS have virilizing effects, which clearly isn’t
    an issue in males but has nice scientific significance in ladies.
    These effects embody dysphonia or deepening of the voice, hirsutism
    and clitoromegaly. Among AAS customers there could be the idea that
    AAS might trigger gynecomastia via different pathways, similar to
    elevated progestin motion at the mammary glands or increased prolactin ranges.
    Whereas gynecomastia can develop in sufferers with hyperprolactinemia, the condition arises
    secondary to the gonadotropin suppression prolactin may cause (203).

    Physiological issues are evident with cardiovascular pathologies, together with an altered
    lipid profile, cardiac hypertrophy, hypogonadism after discontinuation of AAS,
    and modulation of GABA receptors in the brain, all contributed
    by the androgen receptor signaling. Clinical complications budding from these altered physiological processes result
    in medical results like testicular dysfunction,
    pimples, gynecomastia, and neuropsychiatric problems.
    Despite potential therapeutic benefits, AAS use is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
    because of issues over adverse well being effects.
    This evaluate highlights the molecular mechanisms, physiological processes, and medical issues
    arising from the excessive use of AAS among athletes. SARMs
    are a novel group of compounds developed to selectively increase
    anabolic effects in muscles and bones, whereas avoiding undesirable androgenic results in skin, larynx, and reproductive organs.
    The majority of these compounds lack the structural functionalities of the original anabolic steroids and are sometimes termed nonsteroidal androgens.
    It was hoped that these agents might be used in instances where
    typical anabolic steroids produced undesirable side-effects, similar to virilization in ladies and prostate hyperplasia in males [67].

    Most lately, in vitro bioassays have been employed to determine
    that the designer anabolic steroid THG is indeed a potent androgen. Death
    et al. (2004) demonstrated that THG was about one order of magnitude stronger than nandrolone, testosterone and trenbolone in yeast
    cells expressing human androgen receptors. Friedel et al.
    (2006b) also used a reporter gene assay based in a yeast strain containing
    transfected androgen receptor constructs and located that THG was about 10 times lower than the EC50 of the reference substance DHT.
    (Jasuja et al. (2005) discovered that THG upregulated androgen receptor expression in mesenchymal
    multipotent cells by measuring the translocation of the receptor to the nucleus
    using immunohistochemical and analyses, however this was not significantly totally different from
    DHT. The authors make the essential point that it
    is not known whether or not yeast-based systems specific the repertoire of coregulators that’s current in mammalian androgen-responsive tissues.
    Labrie et al. (2005) studied the genomic signature of THG and compared it with the consequences of DHT on gene expression in mouse
    tissues by extracting RNA, converting it to cDNA after which transcribing it in vitro
    to produce biotinylated cRNA for evaluation. These investigators discovered that THG and DHT modulated in an analogous way 671
    genes within the mouse levator ani muscle, 95 genes within the gastrocnemius muscle and 939 genes in the prostate.

    The results of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs)
    are mediated via the activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling.

    Due to the widespread expression of ARs in many different tissues, numerous
    elements of the body are concerned in the response to AASs [7].

    Beneath normal physiological circumstances, androgen receptors (ARs) are typically
    saturated with testosterone, and any effects of
    anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) might not essentially
    be solely as a outcome of AR activation. At excessive ranges of testosterone, an antagonistic
    impact on glucocorticoid receptors may occur, resulting within the inhibition of glucose synthesis
    and protein catabolism. In reality, excessive doses of AASs might displace
    glucocorticoids from their receptors, reduce protein breakdown in muscles, and in the end result in an increase in muscle mass and power [15].
    In addition to displacing glucocorticoids from their receptors, the inhibition of glucocorticoid
    motion by AASs can additionally be due to the stimulation of the
    growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis.

    AASs induce an androgen-mediated stimulation of GH and the hepatic synthesis of IGF-1, ultimately leading to the formation of muscle proteins and leading to anabolic results [16].

    • Also talked about is that some men using chronic high doses of
    AAS may have direct testicular damage-thus not responding to brokers
    aside from testosterone. • 4-week testosterone taper with SERM (Clomiphene 25 mg every different day),
    adopted by rechecking testosterone and gonadotrophs. After 4 weeks, the writer suggested ending testosterone remedy and continuing SERM use, additionally adding hCG 1000–3000
    IU SQ three occasions weekly if labs suggested a poor response.
    Plant-based steroids that are a half of merchandise marketed as testosterone boosters II.
    Plant-based steroids that are a part of merchandise marketed as
    testosterone boosters I. If you’re injecting steroids, you’re additionally susceptible to contracting blood-borne viruses such as HIV, tetanus
    or Hepatitis C or B.
    Many steroids developed early on had a high androgenic worth and an anabolic worth of zero.

    These steroids would be classified as androgenic steroids, they usually have been by no means developed Red flags for counterfeit steroids use commercially.
    The seminal vesicles and ventral prostate are tissues that
    contain high ranges of androgen receptors and are overly sensitive to androgenic effects.

    Endogenous androgen is answerable for the growth and improvement of male sex organs, as well as the upkeep of secondary
    sex traits. Each endogenous anabolic steroids, similar to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and artificial anabolic
    steroids, exert their results by binding to androgen receptors and activating them.
    In skeletal muscle, anabolic steroids regulate the transcription of goal genes which might be concerned
    within the accumulation of DNA in skeletal muscle, which is required for muscle growth [3, 4, 5].

    Long-term use may cause the body to supply too many purple blood cells and irregular levels
    of fat (lipids) within the blood. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—the bad—cholesterol ranges increase, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)—the good—cholesterol ranges decrease.

    The downside is that the harms for the person patient are onerous to foretell and there are no evidence-based
    harm-reduction strategies. Doctors might experience
    ethical, ethical, authorized or practical obstacles, making them feel uncomfortable to verify
    and deal with sufferers who’re constantly jeopardising their health for a cause they
    cannot relate to. Each Time healthcare is provided
    to lively AAS abusers, we advise to contemplate on these issues and to devise an individually tailor-made protocol, describing very clearly the sort
    and extent of the care we’re prepared to supply.
    The interviewees also feared having the use anabolic steroids mentioned of
    their medical records, sometimes withholding this
    data even in the face of scientific emergencies.
    Relating To totally different routines of anabolic steroids’
    administration, about half of the participants adhered to ‘cycling’,
    with several weeks of excessive dosages followed by an ‘off (abstinent) period’ of variable duration.

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