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Adopted by the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union (AU) at its 1237th meeting held on 23 October 2024 on Consideration of the AU Commission Report on Combating Terrorism in the Continent.
The Peace and Security Council,
Recalling Declaration [Ext/Assembly/AU/Decl.(XVI)] on Terrorism and Unconstitutional Changes of Government, adopted by the 16th Extraordinary Session of the AU Assembly of Heads of State and Government held in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, on 28 May 2022;
Also recalling Communique [PSC/PR/COMM.2.1219 (2024)] on the Declaration of the High-Level African Counter-Terrorism meeting on the theme: Strengthening Regional Cooperation and Institutional Building to Address the Evolving Threat of Terrorism in Africa, held from 22 to 23 April 2024, in Abuja, Nigeria;
Determined to combat and completely eradicate the scourge of terrorism in the Continent in all its ramifications;
Taking note of the Opening Remarks by H.E. Ambassador Dr. Mohamed Gad, Permanent Representative of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the AU and Chairperson of the Peace and Security Council for October 2024 and the Introductory Statement by H.E. Ambassador Bankole Adeoye, Commissioner for Political Affairs Peace and Security; also taking note of the statements by the representative of the Deputy Permanent Representative of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria to the AU; the presentations by the African Union Counter-Terrorism Centre(AUCTC); the Executive Secretary of the Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA); and by the Representative of the AU Mechanism for Police Cooperation (AFRIPOL); and
Acting under Article 7 of its Protocol, the Peace and Security Council,
1. Welcomes the Report of the AU Commission on Combating Terrorism in the Continent;
2. Commends efforts being deployed by the AU Commission, AUCTC, AFRIPOL and CISSA in supporting counterterrorism efforts in the Continent, including through the provision of technical assistance and capacity building to Member States with the view to building professional state institutions, specifically in law enforcement and national security;
3. Also commends the efforts being deployed by H.E. Abdelmagjid Tebboune, President of the Democratic People’s Republic of Algeria, as the AU Champion on the Fight Against Terrorism and Violent Extremism;
4. Expresses deep concern over the exponential rise and spread of terrorism and violent extremism conducive to terrorism throughout the Continent, which is undermining AU efforts to Silence the Guns in Africa by 2030, and derailing the progress towards the realization of the aspirations of AU Agenda 2063 and UN Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);
5. Reiterates its strong condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and violent extremism conducive to terrorism in the Continent committed by whomsoever, wherever, which cannot be justified under whatever circumstances; and reiterates the determination of the AU to rid Africa of the scourge;
6. Also welcomes the participation of the AU in the Ministerial Meeting of the Global Counter-Terrorism Forum that was held on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in September 2024, in New York, under the Co-Chairship of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the European Union; and looks forward to the engagement of the AU in the forum particularly as it acceded as a “Privileged Partner”;
7. Notes with deep concern the sustained financing of terrorist activities, particularly the growing linkages between terrorism and transnational organized crime, including drug trafficking, illicit exploitation and trade of mineral and natural resources, as well as illicit financial flows with debilitating impact on the national economies of Member States; and calls for the strengthening of international cooperation to effectively address these concerns including through taking appropriate measures to ensure that their respective territories are not used by terrorists for the preparation, financing, or organization of terrorist acts intended to be committed against other States or their citizens
8. While reaffirming the respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence and national unity of all Member States, emphasizes the primary responsibility of Member States to prevent and combat terrorism and violent extremism conducive to terrorism and, in this regard, underscores the continued commitment of the AU to promote holistic and inclusive approaches, as well as the need for African ownership and lead role in the fight against terrorism and violent extremism conducive to terrorism, within the context of promoting African solutions to African problems;
9. Encourages Member States to adopt multifaceted and comprehensive “whole of society and whole of government” approaches that incorporate and strengthen coherence between political, security, investment, growth and development activities in support of governance, sustainable economic growth, and poverty eradication in addressing the root causes and structural drivers of terrorism and violent extremism in Africa; and in the same vein, calls for strengthening collaboration with all strategic stakeholders such as, civil society, the media, the private sector, as well as community leaders and leaders of various religious persuasions in preventing and combating terrorism;
10. Strongly condemns all forms of foreign interference in the internal affairs of Member States, which undermines the efforts of the Continent to silence the guns and aggravates crises with devastating effects on Africa’s development and stability;
11. Requests the Commission to report back to Council, by the first quarter of 2025, on the steps taken to establish and operationalise the PSC Sub- Committee on Counter-terrorism;
12. Further requests the AU Commission to continue supporting the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), including by mobilizing additional funding to enhance its fight against terrorists in the Lake Chad Region and other regional deployments, as well as strengthening intelligence-sharing mechanisms on the continent;
13. Underscores the need for adequate, sustainable and predictable funding for counterterrorism efforts, particularly terrorism in Africa, and within that context, calls for the full and immediate implementation of UNSC resolution 2719 in financing AU-led PSOs dedicated to combating terrorism or its effects on the Continent, and also, emphasizes the urgent need for the operationalization of the AU Special Fund for Counter-terrorism;
14. Underlines the importance of full implementation of the Malabo Declaration on Terrorism and Unconstitutional Changes of Government, including the establishment and operationalization of the AU Ministerial Committee on Counter-Terrorism; the development of Comprehensive Continental Strategic Plan of Action on countering terrorism in Africa; and the Abuja Process Declaration of April 2024 and requests the AU Commission to submit a detailed progress report on the implementation of the Malabo and Abuja Declarations to Council also by the first quarter of 2025 for consideration;
15. Emphasizes the need for a mechanism to ensure enhanced coordination and complementarity of counter-terrorism efforts in Africa which are being deployed by Member States, Regional Economic Communities, Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs), the United Nations and other international organization and further welcomes the close coordination and collaboration between the AU Commission and United Nation Office of Counter-Terrorism;
16. Also emphasizes the need for Member States to ensure psycho-social support for the victims of terrorism, particularly the youth, women and children, including those who voluntarily surrender from terrorist groups;
17. Directs the African Union Centre for Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development (AUCPCRD), working in collaboration with the African Union Counter Terrorism Centre (AUCTC) to develop programmes to support the building of strong and resilient state institutions in counter-terrorism and post-territorial defeat efforts; and in this respect, underscores the need for these institutions to be availed with all resources they require to more effectively deliver on their respective mandates;
18. Emphasizes the need for African non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (A3) to continue advocating for sustained international support for African-led counter-terrorism initiatives;
19. Encourages Member States to integrate climate change adaptation programs into the national security strategies, particularly in regions like the Sahel, where environmental degradation exacerbates local grievances;
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20. Further condemns the increasing use, by terrorist groups, of a variety of new technologies, including remotely operated systems, to commit attacks in the Continent, and in this regard, underlines the need for investment in counter-improvised explosive devices (IED) technologies and the provision of enhanced training to, and development of, joint task forces dedicated to combating the use by terrorist groups, of advanced technologies, including drones;
21. Underlines the need for Member States to invest in innovative approaches for effectively countering online radicalization narratives and to prevent the online recruitment of African Youth by terrorist and extremist groups;
22. Encourages Member States to promote the establishment and or strengthening of interfaith dialogues with the view to promoting harmony, tolerance and peaceful co-existence among the various faiths noting that extremists exploit differences between faiths, to radicalize and recruit young people.
23. Underscores the need for enhanced intelligence sharing, cross-border cooperation and collective security approaches and, in this respect, underlines the important role of regional centers for counter-terrorism such as the Djibouti and Nouakchott Processes, as well as the regional centers for counter-terrorism efforts including Nigerian National Counter-Terrorism Centre in Abuja which was upgraded to the West African Regional Counter-Terrorism Centre in April 2024; and underscores the need to develop a new AU Plan of Action for the prevention and combating terrorism and violent extremism conducive to terrorism;
24. Highlights the need to develop an up-to-date database of terrorist groups/organizations active on the African continent, including persons/ individuals and entities involved in or facilitating the activities of terrorist groups, to be provided by the governments of the AU Member States;
25. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
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You can gradually increase your creatine shops over several weeks by taking modest doses of creatine.
Research exhibits that the loading part can enhance muscle shops of creatine
by 10%–40%. As far as how long does it take for creatine to work,
it could take anywhere from 7-28 days to see elevated strength and power during workouts relying on how a lot creatine you have already
got in your physique. Since they eat much less meat—a natural source
of creatine—they would possibly notice even bigger improvements in fitness and muscle power after they add this supplement to their diets.
I experienced these phases firsthand after I began with creatine monohydrate gummies.
The rapid power enchancment was real — bench presses and squats felt lighter by the day.
Creatine loading fills your muscles faster with creatine, supplying
you with strength sooner.
The effects of creatine powder are identical to these of different creatine types,
as the aim is to saturate the muscular tissues with phosphocreatine.
When consumed in liquid form, the creatine is already dissolved, permitting for efficient absorption through the walls of the small intestine
into the bloodstream. It’s important to understand that creatine does not provide
an immediate, perceptible “kick” like a stimulant.
The pre-portioned nature of gummies additionally appeals to those who are new
to creatine supplementation, because it removes any guesswork concerned in measuring
the right dosage.
Many users, especially those new to creatine, prefer this gradual method.
Beginners are more likely to see noticeable gains from creatine supplementation as a end result of they are starting
with lower baseline power and performance metrics. Superior athletes, on the other hand, may expertise more subtle improvements.
Creatine supplementation, when stopped, can lead to a gradual decrease within the increased muscle creatine ranges.
Over time, this will contribute to elevated muscle mass, enhanced energy, and higher overall workout
quality. The long-term benefits of creatine supplementation can support ongoing progress in your fitness journey.
Analysis signifies creatine breaks fast supplementation can provide benefits like increased energy, energy, power, muscle mass, and post-workout recovery
in athletes. Nevertheless, for under 18’s, extra analysis is needed on the safety of taking creatine
supplements.
This fast improve, typically round two to 5 pounds within the first week
of the loading part, primarily comes from water retention, not fats.
The most crucial factor is every day consistency quite than specific
timing. Taking your three to five gram dose at the similar time every day ensures optimal muscle saturation over weeks somewhat than responding to instant workout home
windows. Many people find morning creatine supplementation as a pre-workout creates a reliable habit, whereas
others prefer pairing it with post-workout protein to simplify their complement regimen. By supplementing with creatine,
you improve your muscle’s phosphocreatine shops, which allows for faster ATP regeneration. Research indicates that creatine can improve efficiency in short bursts of high-intensity train, which is why it is
so well-liked amongst athletes and bodybuilders.
Dietary Supplements can increase creatine levels as much as forty p.c in athletes, says Iafelice.
Additionally, when you cease creatine consumption, you may expertise fatigue, strength loss, and loss of water weight because the
physique adjusts to your new routine. A Number Of studies have been conducted to see the effects of creatine through the maintenance and loading phase.
Let us understand the anticipated time to get creatine working in your physique.
Some people might experience higher sleep high quality and
enhanced alertness through the day. Minor improvements in insulin sensitivity may also be observed inside a number of days.
Whereas these initial results are encouraging, they’re typically not dramatic
and represent the body’s adjustment to new hormone levels.
When discontinuing creatine use, it’s essential to
know the body’s reliance on its pure manufacturing to take
care of vitality levels within the muscles.
Nevertheless, the rate at which you build muscle is dependent upon factors similar to your training program,
diet, and particular person response to creatine supplementation. It takes time on your muscles to
become saturated with creatine, which can range from a couple of
days to a quantity of weeks, depending on factors corresponding to the type of creatine supplement and your individual response.
During this section, novices will start to notice elevated power throughout workouts,
permitting them to push tougher within the fitness center.
Some folks report feeling much less muscle fatigue and experiencing slightly
fuller muscle tissue due to water retention. For those seeking
to get into form, creatine could be a valuable device
in supporting muscle progress, enhancing workout performance, and rushing up restoration. It’s especially efficient
throughout actions like weightlifting, sprinting, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
Whereas there are numerous factors that influence how
rapidly you’ll see results—such as your diet, exercise routine, and the sort of creatine you are using—this guide will
assist you to perceive the general expectations. Keep in mind that it additionally depends on your diet, exercise depth, and
such elements. Right Here is how a creatine complement works;
your body produces 2 grams of creatine every day.
The loading phase is a method typically really helpful to rapidly saturate
your muscles with creatine, permitting you to
expertise its advantages sooner. This strategy will increase
creatine ranges in your muscular tissues more quickly than simply taking a maintenance dose.
Loading creatine with dosages of 20 grams per day for six days
resulted in a 20% improve in muscle creatine levels.
From a price standpoint, it is sensible to use 5 grams a day, given that
you’ll attain the same creatine saturation shops with a longer duration.
Creatine loading might help saturate your body’s creatine stores extra rapidly, but in any
other case, it’s okay to stick to the maintenance dose and apply slightly little bit of patience.
Some folks may expertise slight digestive issues whereas creatine
loading as a result of massive quantities of creatine
being consumed in a shot period of time. It might take a process of trial and error to determine what works
finest for you.
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